The breathable/waterproof membranes are similar in concept to the "gore-tex" idea and are made of polyurethane. They work quite well although they are probably not "quite" as waterproof as vinyl and not "quite" as breathable as cotton or other natural materials in a mattress pad application. They work quite well in jackets and clothing except in really extreme conditions. Some are better than others.
In the stores they will usually give you a demo of how waterproof they are by covering a glass of water with them and turning it upside down with no leaking. They also demonstrate it's breathability by showing you that the scent in the water can still be smelled.
Here are a few links with good information (in general about waterproof/breathable membranes).
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/6174584.html
http://www.outdoors.org/publications/outdoors/2006/breatheasy.cfm
The mattress pads I have looked at are the microporous variety.
Phoenix
PS: We sent two of them (not the natura but the thinner 2 layer cotton/membrane type) to Romania where they are not available it seems to an elderly friend who has incontinence issues but didn't like the feel of completely waterproof barriers.
This message was modified Oct 25, 2010 by Phoenix